Now, some operating systems offer safe file deletions or safe format as an option, in which case data blocks containing the data are actually overwritten to ensure data is not recoverable after deleting it. But again, data blocks when files are deleted from the trash can are simply marked as free data is still there until those data blocks are overwritten with new files. The files in trash can either get automatically deleted after some period of time, or when you explicitly "empty" it. Note that this has nothing to do with "trash can." The way how "trash can" works is that the OS instead of deleting the files on the disk, simply moves them temporarily to a hidden folder on the disk.
This would allow data recovery professionals to fish out those deleted files. So, both on your hard drives and memory cards, the actual data (photos) are still there as long as you don't write new files onto them. That's why you should power off the computer and not use those memory cards until you get it all to data recovery place. The old data is still there until you write new data to disk and those blocks get overwritten with new data. The same thing when you format the memory card or disk. But the data itself (content of the files) is not actually destroyed. When you delete the file, data blocks are simply marked as free. And there is metadata telling the operating systems which blocks on the disk are free to write new data to, and which already contain data.
And then there are pointers to that data. The thing to understand with storage is that there is actual data stored in blocks on the disk. They may be able to recover all, most, or at least some of those photos.
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